Problem understanding covariance contravariance with generics in C#

asked7 years ago
last updated7 years ago
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I can't understand why the following C# code doesn't compile.

As you can see, I have a static generic method Something with an IEnumerable<T> parameter (and T is constrained to be an IA interface), and this parameter can't be implicitly converted to IEnumerable<IA>.

What is the explanation? (I don't search for a workaround, just to understand why it doesn't work).

public interface IA { }
public interface IB : IA { }
public class CIA : IA { }
public class CIAD : CIA { }
public class CIB : IB { }
public class CIBD : CIB { }

public static class Test
{
    public static IList<T> Something<T>(IEnumerable<T> foo) where T : IA
    {
        var bar = foo.ToList();

        // All those calls are legal
        Something2(new List<IA>());
        Something2(new List<IB>());
        Something2(new List<CIA>());
        Something2(new List<CIAD>());
        Something2(new List<CIB>());
        Something2(new List<CIBD>());
        Something2(bar.Cast<IA>());

        // This call is illegal
        Something2(bar);

        return bar;
    }

    private static void Something2(IEnumerable<IA> foo)
    {
    }
}

Error I get in Something2(bar) line:

Argument 1: cannot convert from 'System.Collections.Generic.List' to 'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable'